Hematoma After Birth: What New Mothers Need to Know

A hematoma after birth is a painful and sometimes serious condition caused by blood pooling outside of blood vessels due to trauma during delivery. While some hematomas resolve on their own, others require medical intervention to prevent complications such as infection, excessive blood loss, or long-term pain.

These injuries often result from childbirth-related pressure, medical interventions, or surgical procedures. In some cases, medical negligence plays a role, leading to preventable complications. This guide explains the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and legal considerations for those affected by hematomas during labor and delivery.

How Does a Hematoma Form During Childbirth?

A hematoma occurs when blood collects outside the blood vessels, typically due to ruptured veins or arteries. During childbirth, excessive pressure, improper use of medical instruments, or tissue damage can lead to a hematoma during childbirth. These injuries commonly develop in the vaginal or pelvic area and may not always be immediately visible.

Some hematomas occur naturally due to the immense strain childbirth places on the body. However, in many cases, medical errors such as aggressive forceps use, improper suturing after an episiotomy, or failure to manage bleeding increase the risk of a severe hematoma. If left untreated, a large hematoma can lead to serious complications, requiring surgery or extended medical care.

Types of Hematomas That Occur After Birth

Hematomas differ based on location and severity. The most common types include:

• Perineal hematomas – These occur in the perineum, the area between the vagina and anus, and are usually caused by vaginal tearing or the use of forceps.
• Vaginal hematomas – These develop inside the vaginal walls and can be difficult to detect immediately. They may cause significant pain and pressure.
• Retroperitoneal hematomas – These form deeper within the pelvic cavity and can be life-threatening if they lead to internal bleeding. They often require surgical intervention.
• Subcutaneous hematomas – These occur just beneath the skin and are usually visible as bruising and swelling, though they may not require medical treatment.

While some hematomas heal on their own, larger or internal hematomas require medical monitoring to prevent further complications.

Symptoms and Warning Signs of a Hematoma After Birth

The symptoms of a hematoma after birth depend on its location and severity. The most common signs include pain, swelling, and noticeable bruising in the affected area. Some women experience extreme discomfort while sitting, standing, or walking.

In more severe cases, hematomas can cause:

• Persistent pain that worsens instead of improving
• Internal pressure or a heavy sensation in the vaginal or pelvic region
• Dizziness, lightheadedness, or low blood pressure due to blood loss
• Difficulty urinating or having bowel movements

If a hematoma becomes infected, additional symptoms such as fever, redness, or pus drainage may develop. Any persistent or worsening symptoms require immediate medical attention.

Risk Factors That Increase the Likelihood of a Hematoma

Certain conditions and medical interventions can increase the risk of developing a hematoma during labor. Some of the most common risk factors include:

• Instrument-assisted deliveries – The use of forceps or vacuum extractors increases the likelihood of internal tissue damage and blood vessel rupture.
• Episiotomies – A surgical incision made to widen the vaginal opening can sometimes lead to excessive bleeding and hematoma formation.
• Prolonged labor – Extended pressure on the pelvic area can cause excessive strain, increasing the risk of internal bleeding.
• Blood clotting disorders – Women with clotting disorders may bleed more easily, increasing the risk of hematomas.
• Improper suturing – If a doctor fails to properly close a surgical incision or repair a vaginal tear, excessive bleeding may result in hematoma development.

Proper medical care can reduce these risks, but in cases where a healthcare provider fails to take necessary precautions, the chances of a hematoma during childbirth increase significantly.

Treatment and Recovery for Postpartum Hematomas

Treatment for a hematoma after birth depends on its size and severity. Mild cases may resolve on their own with rest, pain management, and cold compresses to reduce swelling. However, larger or worsening hematomas often require medical intervention.

Medical Treatments for Hematomas

• Drainage procedures – If a hematoma is large and continues to grow, doctors may need to drain the collected blood using a surgical procedure.
• Pain management – Over-the-counter pain relievers and prescribed medications help manage discomfort.
• Surgical intervention – In severe cases, surgery is required to stop internal bleeding and repair tissue damage.
• Antibiotics – If there is a risk of infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent complications.

Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the hematoma. While minor cases heal within a few weeks, larger hematomas may require months of recovery. Women recovering from significant hematomas may need physical therapy to regain mobility and reduce pain.

When Medical Negligence Leads to a Hematoma

While some hematomas after birth occur naturally, others result from preventable medical errors. If a healthcare provider fails to recognize or properly treat a hematoma, the consequences can be severe. Some cases of medical negligence include:

• Failure to monitor postpartum bleeding – Doctors and nurses should carefully assess for signs of internal bleeding and intervene when necessary.
• Improper instrument use – The misuse of forceps or vacuum extractors can cause excessive trauma, leading to hematoma formation.
• Delayed diagnosis and treatment – A failure to detect a hematoma early can result in complications that require more extensive medical intervention.

When medical errors contribute to a birth injury, victims may have grounds for a birth injury lawsuit. Holding negligent healthcare providers accountable can help cover medical costs, lost wages, and pain and suffering.

Legal Options for Women Affected by Birth-Related Hematomas

Women who suffer serious hematomas during labor due to medical negligence may be entitled to compensation for their injuries. A successful malpractice claim can help cover medical expenses, lost income, and long-term care needs.

To pursue legal action, patients need to gather medical records, expert testimony, and documentation of how the injury has impacted their life. Consulting with a malpractice lawyer is crucial to building a strong case and understanding legal options.

The Right Legal Representation

Joseph Lichtenstein is one of the best birth injury lawyers in New York, having secured some of the biggest verdicts for birth injury victims in the state’s history. He’s successfully represented women who’ve suffered childbirth injuries time and time again. His stellar work has even led to him being recognized as Malpractice Attorney of the Year in New York for 2019, 2023, and 2024. If you experienced a hematoma after birth due to negligent care, contact Joseph Lichtenstein for a free consultation to discuss your case and see what compensation you’re entitled to.