Handling Head Entrapment During Breech Deliveries

Head entrapment in breech deliveries is a rare but serious complication during childbirth. It occurs when a baby’s head becomes stuck in the birth canal after the body has been delivered. This condition is most commonly associated with breech presentations, where the baby is positioned feet or buttocks first instead of headfirst. Understanding the causes, treatment options, and potential risks of head entrapment is essential for safe delivery and proper care.

What Is Breech Presentation?

A breech presentation happens when a baby is positioned to deliver feet-first or buttocks-first rather than headfirst. This positioning is common early in pregnancy but becomes a concern when it persists near delivery. By 32 weeks pregnant, most babies have shifted into a head-down position. However, about 3-4% of pregnancies continue to present in breech at full term.

When breech presentations occur, there are additional risks. These risks are amplified during labor and delivery, particularly with complications such as head entrapment.

How Head Entrapment Happens

Head entrapment occurs during breech deliveries when the baby’s body is delivered, but the head remains stuck. This happens because the largest part of the baby—the head—needs sufficient time and space to pass through the birth canal. Factors such as a tight cervix, inadequate dilation, or a small pelvis can contribute.

In cases involving breech and transverse twins, the risk of head entrapment increases. These situations require skilled medical intervention to ensure both mother and baby are safe.

Techniques to Manage Head Entrapment

Medical professionals employ specific maneuvers and techniques to manage head entrapment and deliver the baby safely:

• Pinard Maneuver: Used to help rotate and deliver the baby’s legs and body in breech presentations, reducing the risk of complications.
• Mauriceau Maneuver: Involves controlled delivery of the baby’s head by supporting the jaw and shoulders. This method is particularly helpful when dealing with face presentation births, where the baby’s head position adds complexity.
• Breech Extraction: A specialized procedure used in emergencies, where the baby is manually delivered using careful traction.

These techniques require expertise, as improper handling can lead to injuries such as fractures, nerve damage, or oxygen deprivation.

Risks Associated With Head Entrapment

Head entrapment poses risks to both the baby and the mother. For the baby, oxygen deprivation during a prolonged delivery can cause brain injuries, including conditions like cerebral palsy. The lie of the fetus, or the baby’s position within the uterus, is often a contributing factor.

For mothers, prolonged or obstructed labor due to head entrapment increases the chances of uterine rupture, excessive bleeding, or infections. Deliveries involving a low pregnant belly may also indicate potential complications that heighten these risks.

Treating and Preventing Head Entrapment

Treatment for head entrapment depends on timely diagnosis and skilled intervention. Once the complication is identified, medical professionals may use the techniques mentioned earlier or resort to an emergency cesarean section.

Preventing head entrapment begins with identifying breech presentations early. Regular ultrasounds and prenatal care allow doctors to monitor the baby’s position and decide on the safest delivery method. For high-risk situations, planned cesarean sections are often the best option.

How It Relates to Malpractice

In cases where head entrapment occurs, outcomes often depend on the quality of medical care provided. Failure to recognize breech presentation, delays in performing necessary interventions, or improper use of delivery techniques can lead to severe consequences. Such instances may be grounds for legal action if medical negligence is involved.

Parents whose child has experienced a birth injury like head entrapment may face long-term challenges, including medical expenses and emotional distress. Consulting a malpractice lawyer can help families understand their rights and pursue justice.

How Joseph Lichtenstein Can Help

Joseph Lichtenstein, a renowned malpractice lawyer, specializes in cases involving birth injuries. With decades of experience and accolades, including being named New York’s malpractice attorney of the year in 2019, 2023, and 2024, he provides unparalleled support to families seeking justice. His expertise in cases involving breech and transverse twins, head entrapment, and other complications makes him an invaluable ally in pursuing compensation.

If you or a loved one has experienced head entrapment or another birth injury, Joseph Lichtenstein can guide you through the legal process. His commitment to securing justice ensures families receive the resources they need to move forward.

Image designed by Freepik